The anti-inflammatory effects of propolis are well-documented, especially on mucous linings of the body. This study reaffirms its capacity to reduce inflammation while also diminishing nitric oxide synthase, another inflammatory factor in septic shock, auto-immune diseases or proinflammatory cytokine production.
Ex vivo
immunomodulatory effect of ethanolic extract of propolis during Celiac Disease:
involvement of nitric oxide pathway
Celiac
Disease (CeD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy, in which dietary gluten
induces an inflammatory reaction, predominantly in the duodenum. Propolis is a
resinous hive product, collected by honeybees from various plant sources.
Propolis is
well-known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory
effects, due to its major compounds, polyphenols and flavonoids. The aim of our
study was to assess the ex vivo effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP)
upon the activity and expression of iNOS, along with IFN-γ and IL-10 production
in Algerian Celiac patients. In this context, PBMCs isolated from peripheral
blood of Celiac patients and healthy controls were cultured with different
concentrations of EEP. NO production was measured using the Griess method,
whereas quantitation of IFN-γ and IL-10 levels was performed by ELISA.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, NFκB and pSTAT-3 activity
were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay.
Our results
showed that PBMCs from Celiac patients produced high levels of NO and IFN-γ
compared with healthy controls (HC). Interestingly, EEP reduced significantly,
NO and IFN-γ levels and significantly increased IL-10 levels at a concentration
of 50 µg/mL. Importantly, EEP downmodulated the iNOS expression as well as the
activity of NFκB and pSTAT-3 transcription factors.
Altogether,
our results highlight the immunomodulatory effect of propolis on NO pathway and
on pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, we suggest that propolis may
constitute a potential candidate to modulate inflammation during Celiac Disease
and has a potential therapeutic value.
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